IoT and Blockchain-Enabled ERP Architecture for Real-Time Supply Chain Visibility

Abstract

Real-time supply chain visibility has become a strategic requirement for modern enterprises seeking to improve operational efficiency, transparency, and decision-making across global logistics networks. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate procurement, manufacturing, inventory, transportation, and financial operations, but centralized architectures often face challenges related to delayed data synchronization, limited end-to-end visibility, fragmented information sharing, and vulnerability to data manipulation. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices with blockchain technology provides continuous monitoring and secure transaction management, enabling trusted real-time information exchange among supply chain stakeholders. This paper proposes an IoT and Blockchain-Enabled ERP Architecture that combines IoT sensors, permissioned blockchain, smart contracts, ERP integration middleware, distributed identity management, and cloud-based analytics to establish secure and transparent supply chain visibility. The proposed framework enhances product traceability, inventory monitoring, logistics tracking, operational collaboration, and regulatory compliance while preserving existing ERP infrastructure. The architecture supports intelligent enterprise decision-making by delivering accurate, immutable, and real-time operational information across interconnected digital supply chain ecosystems.